4/17/2024 0 Comments Shotty lymph nodeThe diagnostic approach to children with cervical lymphadenitis is presented separately. The clinical manifestations of the most common infectious causes of cervical lymphadenitis in children are described below. INFECTIOUS CAUSES - Infectious causes of cervical lymphadenitis frequently are considered in four broad categories: acute bilateral, acute unilateral, subacute/chronic bilateral, and subacute/chronic unilateral ( table 2). Mycobacterial, fungal, and Bartonella henselae infections generate a more chronic granulomatous inflammatory response with typically less dramatic clinical features, although suppuration can occur. Recruitment of neutrophils to the lymph node may result in abscess formation. Involvement of pyogenic organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus), usually results in acute reactions within the lymph node, manifested by a sudden onset of swelling, erythema, warmth, and tenderness. If the lymph nodes filter infectious and antigenic materials from the lymphatic fluid, lymphocytes proliferate, causing subsequent nodal enlargement. Although obvious infection of the anatomically drained area may be present, the infiltration of organisms often is asymptomatic, with no clinical evidence of an inoculation site. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - The pathophysiology of cervical lymphadenitis has not been fully elucidated, but it is suspected that infection of cervical lymph nodes results from contact with potential pathogens by airborne droplet transmission or when microorganisms penetrate the mucosa or skin of the head and neck, infiltrate the surrounding tissue, and are transported by afferent lymph vessels to lymph nodes. The jugulodigastric node, part of the superior deep cervical nodes and located below the mandible at the angle of the jaw, is commonly involved in cervical lymphadenitis. More than 80 percent of childhood cervical lymphadenitis involves the submandibular or deep cervical nodes because they filter much of the lymphatic fluid from the head and neck. Generalized lymphadenopathy – Enlargement of two or more noncontiguous lymph node regions (eg, cervical and axillary) and is the result of systemic disease (see "Peripheral lymphadenopathy in children: Etiology", section on 'Generalized lymphadenopathy')ĪNATOMY - Lymph nodes frequently associated with cervicofacial lymphadenitis of childhood and the anatomic areas they drain are listed in the table ( figure 1 and table 1).Subacute/chronic lymphadenitis – Develops over weeks to months.Acute lymphadenitis – Develops over a few days (but may persist for weeks to months).Cervical lymphadenitis – Enlarged, inflamed, and tender lymph node(s) of the neck although strictly speaking, "lymphadenitis" refers to inflamed lymph nodes, the terms "lymphadenitis" and "lymphadenopathy" often are used interchangeably.Cervical lymphadenopathy – Enlarged lymph node(s) of the neck, including preauricular, parotid, jugulodigastric, submental, submandibular, posterior cervical, superficial cervical, deep cervical, occipital, and posterior auricular (mastoid) ( figure 1) lymphadenopathy encompasses both inflamed and noninflamed lymph nodes.(See "Cervical lymphadenitis in children: Diagnostic approach and initial management" and "Peripheral lymphadenopathy in children: Etiology" and "Peripheral lymphadenopathy in children: Evaluation and diagnostic approach".) The evaluation and treatment of cervical lymphadenitis in children is discussed separately, as is peripheral lymphadenopathy. The etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of cervical lymphadenitis in children will be reviewed here. The incidence is difficult to ascertain because it is usually caused by a viral upper respiratory infection and is self-limited. INTRODUCTION - Cervical lymphadenitis is common in childhood.
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4/17/2024 0 Comments Amy freeze wabcIt was in 2007 that Amy first felt fame, when she was chosen as the first female Chief Meteorologist in Chicago, Illinois for WFLD. Parallel with her work for WCAU and NBC10, Amy was also stationed at the Rockefeller Center in New York City, as a substitute for “Weekend Today” on MSNBC, so Amy was taking big steps forward in her career. She was a meteorologist for WCAU, and would also co-host the show entitled “10!”, which aired on NBC10. She moved to Denver, Colorado, where she worked for KWGN and MKGH, and gradually as her skills and experience improved, she was able to move to more popular stations, and reached WCAU in Philadelphia, an NBC affiliate. Career BeginningsĪmy’s first job was in Portland, Oregon at KPTV, where she was seen in “Good Day Oregon”. She furthered her education with a Bachelor of Science degree in geosciences from Mississippi State University, located in Starkville, Mississippi, but continued with a step forward by obtaining a Master’s Degree from the University of Pennsylvania on her dissertation “The Storm Water Action Alert Program”, in which she focused on sewer overflows in major cities. She then enrolled at Brigham Young University, in Provo Utah, and graduated in 1995 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in communications. The oldest of five daughters born to Bill and Linda Freeze, she grew up in Jeffersonville, Indiana, although born in Utah, and went to Jeffersonville High School, from which she matriculated in 1992. Amy Freeze Bio: Early Life, Parents, and Education However, it was back in 2007 that Amy first attracted notice, as the first female Chief Meteorologist in Chicago, Illinois, for WFLD, owned by Fox.ĭo you want to learn more about this prominent meteorologist, from her early life to most recent career endeavors, and details from her personal life? If yes, then stay with us for a while, as we are about to bring you closer to Amy Freeze. Amy Freeze Personal Life, Husband, Marriage, Divorceīorn Amy Elizabeth Freeze on the 19th June 1974, in Utah USA, she is a meteorologist and TV host, best known to the world as the weekend meteorologist at WABC-TV station in New York City, while she also appears in the show “Good Morning America”.Amy Freeze Bio: Early Life, Parents, and Education.She has hosted the Miss Illinois/Miss America Pageant in Chicago, as well as the Miles to Fight Melanoma Race and the March of Dimes’ “Dancing with the Stars” competition in Chicago. Amy volunteers her time in her neighborhood, speaking to students about weather and supporting humanitarian projects. She also holds a Bachelor of Science in Geosciences from Mississippi State University, with a focus on Severe Weather and Forecasting. in Communications with a focus on Broadcast Journalism. Brigham Young University awarded her a B.A. She formerly worked as a meteorologist at WCAU-TV in Philadelphia, as a morning meteorologist at KMGH-TV in Denver, and on Portland’s KPTV’s local morning news program “Good Day Oregon.” Her work has earned her multiple Emmy Awards, including “Best Weathercaster,” “Outstanding Host,” and “Surviving Severe Weather,” her weather special.Īmy graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a master’s degree in environmental sciences. She also has Seals of Approval from the American Meteorological Society and the National Weather Association.Īmy joined Channel 7’s Eyewitness News Weather Team in 2011 after working for Fox News in Chicago as the Chief Meteorologist. Amy is one of just a handful of women in the world to hold the American Meteorological Society’s distinguished Certified Broadcast Meteorologist designation. In keeping with the convention of using Greek letters for population values and Roman letters for sample values, the line drawn through a population is: The parameters of the line drawn through the sample are unbiased estimators of the parameters of the line that would come as close as possible to as many of the points as possible in the population, if the population had been gathered and plotted. The basic idea behind regression is to find the equation of the straight line that comes as close as possible to as many of the points as possible. Collect a sample of ( x, y) pairs, and plot them on a set of x, y axes. You believe that y, the dependent variable, is a linear function of x, the independent variable - y depends on x. Regression also allows you to test to see if there is a functional relationship between the variables, by testing the hypothesis that each of the slopes has a value of zero.įirst, let us consider the simple case of a two-variable function. Regression allows you to estimate directly the parameters in linear functions only, though there are tricks that allow many non-linear functional forms to be estimated indirectly. There can also be non-linear functions, where the value of the dependent variable ( y in all of the examples we have used so far) depends on the values of one or more other variables, but the values of the other variables are squared, or taken to some other power or root or multiplied together, before the value of the dependent variable is determined. There can be functions where one variable depends on the values values of two or more other variables where x 1 and x 2 together determine the value of y. If the values of α and β are known, you can find the y that goes with any x by putting the x into the equation and solving. Α and β are parameters, remaining constant as x and y change. The simplest functional form is the linear function where: The most general is y = f( x), which simply says that the value of y depends on the value of x in some regular fashion, though the form of the relationship is not specified. Functions are written in a number of forms. The definition of a function can be formal, like the one in my freshman calculus text: “A function is a set of ordered pairs of numbers ( x, y) such that to each value of the first variable ( x) there corresponds a unique value of the second variable ( y)” (Thomas, 1960). More intuitively, if there is a regular relationship between two variables, there is usually a function that describes the relationship. What is regression?īefore starting to learn about regression, go back to algebra and review what a function is. Once again, the t-distribution and F-distribution will be used to test hypotheses. In this chapter, the basics will be discussed. Though the simplest regression techniques seem limited in their applications, statisticians have developed a number of variations on regression that greatly expand the usefulness of the technique. With that estimated function, you will be able to infer or forecast things like unit costs, interest rates, or sales over a wide range of conditions. Once you learn how to use regression, you will be able to estimate the parameters - the slope and intercept - of the function that links two or more variables. Regression analysis is one of the most used and most powerful multivariate statistical techniques for it infers the existence and form of a functional relationship in a population. If there is a relationship between studying and grades, the location of that distribution of grades will change in an orderly manner as you move from lower to higher levels of studying. For each level of amount studied, there will be a distribution of grades. Some students are taking harder courses, like chemistry or statistics some are smarter some study effectively and some get lucky and find that the professor has asked them exactly what they understood best. Notice that even if students who study more make better grades, the relationship in the population would not be perfect the same amount of studying will not result in the same grades for every student (or for one student every time). You could then complete your inference and test your hypothesis by gathering a sample of (amount studied, grades) data from some students and use regression to see if the relationship in the sample is strong enough to safely infer that there is a relationship in the population. If you say that students who study more make better grades, you are really hypothesizing that there is a positive relationship between one variable, studying, and another variable, grades. These relationships are seldom exact because there is variation caused by many variables, not just the variables being studied. Regression analysis, like most multivariate statistics, allows you to infer that there is a relationship between two or more variables. And that-along with the fact that it weighs nearly a pound and a half more than the shorter carbine-made shooting with that steel crescent buttplate actually more pleasant than shooting the carbine’s “kinder and gentler” shotgun-style buttplate. 30 WCF load in vogue when the rifle was made. That was fairly close ballistically to the original 160-grain/1,970 fps. In deference to its age, I shot the rifle with Hornady Custom Lite 150-grain InterLocks, which clocked 2,100 fps. It could also be had with a round barrel in 24-inch length as well as in takedown configuration. 30 WCF (Winchester Center Fire), as the cartridge was then known. During its 1894-98 production run, it was chambered to. The carbine was of 1964 vintage, and I was able to shoot it alongside an 1897-vintage 26-inch octagonal barreled rifle. (RifleShooter photo) 1964 VIntage Model 94 The 1897-vintage Model 1894 rifle was chambered to many cartridges. When you stop to consider the production lifespan of most hunting rifles, this in itself is something beyond remarkable. I recently had the opportunity to shoot two versions of Winchester’s classic that were made 67 years apart. But it’s easy to forget there were different variations of the Model 94 platform that didn’t exactly fit the description of saddle gun. Most of us are familiar with the carbine version-20-inch barrel, full- length magazine, 6.5-pound weight. Designed by John Browning, it was the first smokeless “high powered” American sporting rifle, with more than 7.5 million made. The Model 94’s credentials need nothing in the way of embellishment. After a couple of years with a 336 Marlin, I finally laid hold of a Model 94 and fell instantly in love with its slimmer, sexier lines. No knock on Marlin, but say “deer rifle” and most folks will envision Winchester’s ubiquitous straight-gripped carbine Model 94. 4/17/2024 0 Comments Wedding emcee script sampleOff they go!!! That was really beautiful. They are now ready so we will now release the doves. This is where they know that they will find love A dove always choose one mate for life, and signify love, faithfulness, joy, and hope. Like the two pairs of dove, whatever happens they will always try to seek the comfort of each other and their home together. The two doves signify Roel and Harline being released to start a new journey together. Then, they will make those lovely dove kiss each other. (Change Background Music - Slow) Kissing and Releasing of Doves This time let’s see Roel and Harline hold those two doves please take them out of the cage. Jessica Sanchez, they will be visiting each table for the traditional pictorial together with their guests. Pictorial with Guests (After a few dance moves) While Roel and Harline are enjoying the music of Ne-yo feat. I encourage everyone to stand and join our newlyweds in moving their body to the beat of the music. please make some noise and make the loudest cheer to our bride and groom: Harline and Roel. Put your hands together: _, _, _, _ (read all their first names only / after reading the last name, play music) Entrance of the Wedding Entourage And now the big moment you've all been waiting for. ‘And now please welcome the best man, the maid of honor, the groomsmen and the bridesmaids as they bring energy to the dance floor. Starting off with: Ninongs 1 2 3 4 5 Ninangs 1 2 3 4 5 4. …'And now we come to those people who are considered young at heart and spirit, the very gracious and generous Principal sponsors. Put your hands together for the mother and father of the bride: Mr. (Music starts playing – Tonight by Ne-yo feat Jessica Sanchez) 1. Please be on your feet as we welcome the bridal entourage. Are you all excited to see the couple? So am I. Let's offer a moment of silence to honor both parents. Dolores Lopez, father and mother of the groom on this special day. But before that, let us lovingly remember, Mr. Entrance of the Wedding Entourage At this point I assume that everyone has settled down and we are all ready to welcome the newlyweds. My name is Degee, and I have been asked by our lovely bride, the former Miss Caño, now Mrs Harline Lopez, to be your Emcee tonight and they would like to extend their deepest appreciation for attending their nuptial celebrations tonight especially to those who took a leave of absence from work or from school and to those who have traveled many miles just to be with us. So sit down, relax and enjoy the rest of the evening. And for those who just join in, Welcome! And so, here we are on top of the hills, here at the Chateau de Busay for the most exciting part - the Dinner Reception for our newlyweds in celebration of the beginning of their new life together. We are done with the solemn part of the celebration and we thank those people who were with us earlier at the Our Mother of Perpetual Help Redemptorist Church for the wedding ceremony. Trending Questions How much turkey do Americans consume on Thanksgiving? What does Germany do for Christmas and do they do gift exchanges i really need help on this so send it in? Can you explain the postal scene in the old Miracle on 34th Street film The workers appear to be throwing letters into vents - was this a suction vent? When was Easter Sunday in 1924? In Austria a bell is rung after Christmas eve dinner to signal the opening ofna locked door what are children permitted to see for the first time behind the locked door.Lopez – Caño Nuptials Wedding Reception Emcee Script PART 1: ARRIVAL AND REGISTRATION Before the start of the program, GET the names of all single men and women play background music PART II: PROGRAMME Call To Order May I have your attention please? Dinner will commence very soon, so we ask that everyone make their way to their seats and make your selves comfortable Welcome Address Good Evening Ladies and Gentlemen…Friends… and Loved ones! Welcome to Roel and Harline’s Wedding Reception. 4/16/2024 0 Comments Absolute entropy notationCarathéodory's work was taken up by Max Born, and it is treated in a few monographs. His axiom replaced the earlier Kelvin-Planck and the equivalent Clausius formulation of the second law and did not need Carnot engines. His theory was based on Pfaffian differential equations. Not satisfied with the engineering type of argument, the mathematician Constantin Carathéodory gave in 1909 a new axiomatic formulation of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. For a system of about 10 23 particles, Ω is on the order of 10 10 23, that is the entropy is on the order of 10 23× k B ≈ R, the molar gas constant. The number Ω is the multiplicity of the macrostate for an isolated system, where the macrostate is of definite energy, Ω is its degeneracy. Ω is the number of different wave functions ("microstates") of the system belonging to the system's "macrostate" (thermodynamic state). In the statistical approach the entropy of an isolated (constant energy) system is k B log Ω, where k B is Boltzmann's constant and the function log stands for the natural (base e) logarithm. The quantum statistical point of view, too, will be reviewed in the present article. Boltzmann's definition of entropy was furthered by John von Neumann to a quantum statistical definition. In 1877 Ludwig Boltzmann gave a definition of entropy in the context of the kinetic gas theory, a branch of physics that developed into statistical thermodynamics. The second law states that the entropy of an isolated system increases in spontaneous (natural) processes leading from one state to another, whereas the first law states that the internal energy of the system is conserved. In this approach, entropy is the amount of heat (per degree kelvin) gained or lost by a thermodynamic system that makes a transition from one state to another. The "engineering" manner-by an engine-of introducing entropy will be discussed below. Carnot's work foreshadowed the second law of thermodynamics. The traditional way of introducing entropy is by means of a Carnot engine, an abstract engine conceived of by Sadi Carnot in 1824 as an idealization of a steam engine. The state variable "entropy" was introduced by Rudolf Clausius in 1865, see the inset for his text, when he gave a mathematical formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. I have deliberately constructed the word entropy to resemble as much as possible the word energy, since both quantities to be named by these words are so closely related in their physical meaning that a certain similarity in their names seems appropriate to me. As I deem it better to derive the names of such quantities - that are so important for science - from the antique languages, so that they can be used without modification in all modern languages, I propose to call the quantity S the entropy of the body, after the Greek word for transformation, ἡ τροπή. (3) The heat transfer of the irreversible process cannot be simply calculated without additional information, and it cannot be shown in the T-S diagram.Įntropy generation is another important concept in the second law of thermodynamics.Translation: Searching for a descriptive name for S, one could - like it is said of the quantity U that it is the heat and work content of the body - say of the quantity S that it is the transformation content of the body. Figure 6.5.e2 T-S diagram: the shaded area represents the heat transfer of a reversible process. This integral can be shown graphically as the shaded area under the T-S curve of the reversible process, see Figure 6.5.e2. |
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